Zero Trust is a strategic security concept and framework built on the principle that no implicit trust is granted to assets or user accounts based solely on factors like physical or network location (i.e., local area networks vs. the internet) or asset ownership (enterprise or personally owned), depending on the policy configuration.
It dictates that verification is required from everyone and everything trying to access resources in a network, regardless of where the access request comes from or what resource it accesses.
This approach leverages a dynamic combination of strict identity verification, least privilege access principles, and micro-segmentation to minimize the attack surface, improve audit and control oversight, and reduce the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security issues.
Zero Trust policies require that all entities, whether in or outside the organization's network, be authenticated, authorized, and continuously validated for security configuration and posture before being granted or keeping existing access to applications and data. It further requires that those entities be placed in isolated and managed segments within an infrastructure.
Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a digital architecture that is strategically aligned with the Zero Trust concept. This framework is characterized by strict access controls, continuous monitoring, encryption, network segmentation, and other policy-driven controls to mitigate evolving cyber threats.
It emphasizes the principle of least privilege, and mandates identity verification through multi-factor authentication, encryption of data in transit and at rest, and advanced analytics use to detect anomalies and potential security threats in real time.
ZTA addresses the challenges posed by rising cyber threats, expanding network perimeters due to cloud adoption, regulatory compliance requirements, and the proliferation of vendor offerings tailored to ZTA principles.