Why am I getting "transaction out of gas" errors?

A common error message that Kaleido users have encountered when trying to execute smart contract transactions is “out-of-gas.” This document describes some of the known causes and potential fixes. Here are some definitions of terms related to gas. The referenced eth APIs are part of the Web3.js library. gas: unit of measurement for the computational work of running transactions or smart contracts in the Ethereum network gasLimit: maximum amount of gas that can be spent on all transactions within a single block. This is not configurable by Kaleido users. Listed as gasLimit in output of eth.getBlock("