Do elastic search use indexes to store the information.

I'll take a stab at answering this question though I'm not 100% sure exactly what you are after. The way I would explain it is that in elasticsearch an index is kind of like a "table" in sql land and a document is kind of like a "row". There are some nuanced differences like the fact that not every document in a elastic search index has to have the same columns etc. Elasticsearch stores that document data in two ways. It indexes fields so that they can be searched by passing them through analyzers and then also stores the original document in "_source" (if you have this enabled) so that you can serve up the full matched document.